Inside and Outside: Marketing and the Martín Ramírez Exhibition at the Milwaukee Art Museum
By Debra Brehmer
I’m starting to feel sorry for the Milwaukee Art Museum. Under the relatively brief, five-year tenure of Director David Gordon, it has endured a number of unfortunate mishaps that have made national news and undoubtedly continue to chip away at the institution’s reputation.
First there was Martini Fest of 2006, a bad decision by the museum to rent the facility for an all you can drink vodka party. Drunken patrons scaled the Gaston Lachaise sculpture, Standing Woman, and threw up on the Calatrava’s white marble floors. Then there was the “kicker” incident, where a mentally imbalanced man attacked a Baroque painting and kicked a hole in it. Again, the museum was taken to task for cutting back on the staffing of guards, which may have resulted in this incident.
And now, the international outsider/folk art world is in a fury about the marketing program that accompanies the Martín Ramírez exhibition. This poor decision made by MAM’s administration will undoubtedly become another lingering embarrassment for both the museum and Milwaukee.
When the museum staged the impressive Francis Bacon exhibition (last year), the marketing campaign asked viewers to “STARE into the haunting visions of a master painter.” The museum was draped with a banner that showed Bacon’s eyes and in huge letters, the word “STARE.” Even this seemed like a dubious approach. Did the museum really have to “sell” Bacon’ s personal intensity and emphasize the tormented genius myth of art making to get people in the doors? Couldn’t they have instead underscored his brilliance as a painter and let the story unravel through the works? It maligned Bacon and probably sent the message to the broad public, that yup, artists sure are crazy. Come see the freak show.
With Ramírez, who, like Bacon, is dead and cannot control the ‘spin’ put on his work, there were sensitive issues already at play in the presentation of his oeuvre. Martín Ramírez is a Mexican immigrant who traveled to California in the mid 1920s to find work so he could support his family and farm in Jalisco. For five years, he did find enough employment to send money back to Mexico. But by the 1930s with the economy rocked by the Depression and his lack of English Ramírez was out of work. He was eventually committed to a mental institution (January 1931) and diagnosed, perhaps inaccurately, as catatonic schizophrenic. In his subsequent 30 years of institutional life until his death in 1963, he created at least 300 incredibly beautiful drawings and has since become recognized as a “modern master.” As Roberta Smith said in the New York Times, “He belongs to the group of accessible, irresistible genius draftsmen that includes Paul Klee, Saul Steinberg and Charles Schulz.” It has only been in recent years that additional scholarship has provided insightful facts that lend more understanding of his life. This exhibition, which originated at the American Folk Art Museum in New York City, was a vehicle to look at Ramírez’s body of work while considering the new scholarship which gives him back a sense of his humanity, heritage and dignity as an artist.
The problem with all exhibitions of “outsider” or “vernacular” art, which is art made by individuals who have no formal training and live and work outside of a professional art environment, is that often the eccentricities of the artists’ life stories take on more weight than the work itself. The “stories” are used to sell the work more than to support an understanding of the work. Scholars in this field are very careful in how they use biographical information in context with the art work.
Most solo exhibitions of outsider art do not take place at mainstream museums. Museums have long been confused about how to incorporate this type of work into the broader tale of Modernism. The Milwaukee Art Museum, however, has an outstanding collection of self-taught art in its upper level and in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, the John Michael Kohler Art Center has long championed, studied, archived and supported this type of work along with the preservation emphasis of the Kohler Foundation. Essentially, this carefully conceived and well- researched exhibition is important because self-taught artists are rarely given solo exhibitions in fine art museums.
Bringing the Ramírez exhibition to Milwaukee was a coup for the museum. It is one of only three venues in the country and the exhibition was a huge success in New York. Because of its limited venues, this exhibition will draw large audiences from outside of the region. Several weeks ago, the John Michael Kohler Art Center hosted a three-day international conference on vernacular art environments, in conjunction with their current exhibition. Scholars from the self-taught field arrived in Wisconsin from all over the country. Many of them were given a special preview of the Ramírez show, hosted by Brooke Davis Anderson, who organized the exhibition for the American Folk Art Museum. And this is when the trouble began.
This particular group of people consists of dealers and academics who have spent their entire careers overcoming stereotypes and obstacles that impede both the professional and public understanding of self-taught art. Most of them had seen the show previously in New York. In Milwaukee, they were unexpectedly confronted by the local venues’ ham-fisted approach to marketing the exhibition: The first problem was the banner advertising campaign that asks, “Martín Ramírez: Victim or Hero? You Decide.” Also, in a series of related advertisements, the catch-line was expanded to ask “Tragedy or Triumph?” Their second objection was the art museum’s website which opens with an animated version of Ramírez’ works whereby his horse and rider gallop across a stage, followed by an assortment of his animal drawings.
The problem with the banner was that it focused on Ramírez’ mythology and ‘story’ instead of the incredible accomplishment of his work. It reduced the issues to a one dimensional, soap- opera styled teaser. It’s hard to imagine anyone entering this exhibition and actually having this thought: “Hero or victim?” When one enters the show, instead, he or she is struck by the undeniable power of the images. They are pure and simply great works of art. Whether Ramírez was a “hero or victim” has nothing to do with the reasons his work is installed in an art museum. Ramírez was neither a victim nor hero; he was a person subject to a fate he was not entirely in control of and who developed his artistry regardless of these conditions, perhaps as a means to survive in an institution. Does that make him a hero? Well, maybe. He did create a magnificent body of work in his last 15 years at DeWitt Institution in California. But that’s not what is of primary importance here. Ramírez’ drawings lets us think about issues of art making as a language, as a shared means of experiencing and translating one’s life and reality. Whether sane or insane, trained or self- taught, art functions as a language of interpretation. It is our greatest means as human beings to attempt to translate feelings, perceptions and ideas through an endlessly inventive process that speaks more broadly to our souls than any other mode of connection or communication. Ramírez’ work is poignantly effective in the freshness he brings to this task as his remarkable stylistic innovations weave a sense of memory, movement, process and rhythm into his compositions.
The second objectionable factor of the MAM’s website animation speaks of a peculiar sense of entitlement by an institution who should know better. One has to ask, would the museum take the same liberties with the work of Picasso, Kandinsky or Sol LeWitt? Picture for a moment clicking onto the MAM web site and seeing a promotional video for a Sol LeWitt retrospective that has one of his cubes unfold into a human, dancing figure. That would seem like a rather outrageous violation of the “seriousness” of LeWitt’s ambition. But a socially marginal Mexican immigrant seems to carry less cache. To snip apart his compositions and make them clippity clop across a screen must have seemed an entirely harmless and playful means of enticing viewers.
“Would we do this with Van Gogh’s work?,” asked the prominent New York Gallery dealer Phyllis Kind. “The phenomenon of caricaturing three images . . . shows no respect and even less understanding. Pity them. More shocking than that is this headline “tragedy or triumph” (which ran in print ads). Would we be confronted by a similar question in regards to Van Gogh? Of course not. We all know the tragic aspect of his life, and in particular its ending, but we certainly do not question the triumph of his art. I’m assuming that in the case of Van Gogh we believe that the art itself has great intrinsic value. To animate his work for a kindergartner, let’s say, would not even get our attention. That a museum could stoop this low only dramatizes the potential fallout when museums dramatize or socialize or contextualize assorted circumstantial evidence, or geography.”
Lisa Stone, Director of the Roger Brown Study Center in Chicago, commented that, “Bottom line: the animation trivializes the work, not only insulting the artist and missing the fundamental strength of the work--which moves and breathes with exceptional dimensionality on its own--but assumes an audience that wants to be entertained on a superficial level, which, it turns out, is definitely not the case in Milwaukee.”
Another individual on this particular list-serve which unites self- taught scholars, wrote: “. . . today I am thinking that it's the legacy of Dubuffet's category of art brut, with its celebrated characteristics of isolation and eccentricity, that we see galloping across the screen. I don't know if that rider will ever escape. So ironic to see such an insulting promotional spin for a show that presents this artist's work with such dignity.”
Many participants in the self-taught art world wrote letters to museum director David Gordon. In response, Chief Curator Joseph Ketner informed the group in an e-mail that the museum was taking down the banners and removing the animation from the website, which it did on Wednesday, October 17.
Ketner wrote: “While our intention was to attract a broader audience who is not familiar with the work of Martín Ramírez, we do regret offending our colleagues. In deference to members of the community involved in outsider and folk art, we are removing the offensive slogans while retaining the ones that advertise the Ramírez exhibition as “one of the best shows of the season.” Ketner also mentions in the correspondence that “The Museum retained the services of a Hispanic marketing team to assist us in attracting a broader and diverse community to see the show. After much deliberation it was believed that this series of ads would serve this goal.”
Although the museum must be commended for reacting quickly to this onslaught of concern, there is a troubling and curious tone in Ketner’s reply. He states that the museum regrets “offending our colleagues,” and “in deference to members of the community involved in outsider and folk art...” Oddly, Ketner places a firm boundary here between insiders (“our colleagues”) and outsiders (the public). It seems that one underlying point of the Ramírez show was to break down just such boundaries and for once, let the outsider, i.e. the poor, itinerant, possibly insane Mexican immigrant, into the “inside,” because his work is every bit as good as an academic artist’s. This exhibition has the potential to broaden the conditions of inside and outside and to pry open the academy to race, difference, plurality, and profession. Diversifying the tightly controlled conditions of art making and the marketplace that has long and overwhelmingly favored white males is an important task indeed, even today.
For Ketner to even inadvertently speak from behind the line of insiderness indicates a platform of superiority and privilege that is in direct contrast to the importance of this exhibition.
Another problem with his response is that he subtly blames a “Hispanic marketing team” for the animation of Ramírez’ paintings. This again sets up a condition of “otherness,” by underscoring the fact that the MAM sought Hispanic input and that perhaps their particular “outsiderness” was responsible for this error in judgment.
Natanya Blanck, who teaches Latin American art history at the Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design, commented, “I find it puzzling that he (Ketner) chose to affirm that the marketing team responsible for the campaign was Hispanic. Why did they assemble an Hispanic team in the first place? Was it because, since Ramírez was Mexican, they were trying to attract a more diverse (meaning Hispanic) public to the show? So, does this mean that the silly and disrespectful campaign implies that the Hispanic public is stupid? Would he had disclosed that they retained the services of an African-American marketing team for assistance with the, let's say, Gees Bend campaign (especially if the campaign had resulted in a similar controversy)?”
Some people might think that the individuals who responded critically to the MAM’s campaign were overreacting to what was, after all, just an advertising campaign. Can and should the Milwaukee Art Museum be blamed for what might be construed as an innocent mistake?
Perhaps it comes down to this: silly advertising campaigns, such as the one that accompanied the Francis Bacon exhibition as well as the Ramírez show, do nothing to enhance the MAM’s reputation. Although all art museums are now in the business of salesmanship as well as scholarship and most seem desperate to reach broader and broader audiences, a museum’ s job is to heighten the level of cultural experience for the masses, not to stoop to the level of the mass media.
Maybe the next banner should read: “The Milwaukee Art Museum: Thoughtless or Naïve? You decide.”
Full Moon Edition No. 1 10.26.07
Copyright 2007 Art History Chicks LLC
Martín Ramírez, Untitled (Madonna), ca. 1948-63. Crayon and pencil on pieced paper. 79 x 41 in. Collection of Ann and James Harithas. Photo: Phyllis Kind Gallery.
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I, as a lender, emailed David [Gordon] commending him for MAM's forethought in having the Ramírez show. I expressed my dismay in the knowledge the Museum would get permanently slammed for the tactless advertising. Too bad you can't put the toothpaste back in the tube.
This was one of the best articles I have read on the discussion of self-taught art. I look forward to reading more.
- George Viener
10/29/07
Ed. note: Amy Elliott, Managing Editor of Vital Source magazine weighs in with a response this article on her blog. Click to read her post.
10/30/07
Does Ms. Stone believe that the Henry Darger documentary from PBS which animated his work, "trivializes the work, not only insulting the artist and missing the fundamental strength of the work," as well?
How can the Milwaukee Art Museum be expected to "heighten the level of cultural experience for the masses," without getting people into the Museum? That is the purpose of an ad campaign pure and simple.
The campaign did raise a lot of eyes, and start a lot of conversations, in that respect it was a success.
- Brian Pelsoh
11/22/07
Call it what you will: outsider, folk, or visionary art, Russell Bowman's lecture at MAM, in conjunction with the Ramirez event, went a long way toward explaining the museum's collection. For a fuller look at what the John Michael Kohler Art Museum has to offer, go to Vital Source online, and read "Time Machine." Speaking of marketing, the lovely Calatrava addition is being bastardized with cheesy banners on the interior of Windhover Hall. Do we really need or want this junk cluttering the architectural efforts of Mr. Calatrava?
- Judith Ann Moriarty
12/21/07
Today art museums desperately compete for attention and dollars with a mass media/pop culture entertainment industry dedicated to obliterating what little is left of public intelligence. Today art museums hire more pert-time staff (administrators, fund-raisers, promoters, etc) than full-time curators. Today art museums privilege fashion and spectacle over research or education. Today art museums view art as a means toward an end rather than as an end in itself. Today art museums are in real trouble, and this is what happens.